The words 'who' and 'whom' are often used interchangeably in everyday conversation, but they have different functions and are used in different contexts. Understanding the difference between 'who' and 'whom' can help you communicate more effectively and avoid common grammar mistakes.
'Who' and 'whom' are both pronouns, and they are used to refer to people. The difference between them is that 'who' is the subject of a sentence or clause, while 'whom' is the object of a verb or preposition. For example: 1. Who is going to the party tonight? 2. Whom did you invite to the party tonight? In the first sentence, 'who' is the subject of the verb 'is going.' It is asking for the identity of the person who is performing the action of going to the party. In the second sentence, 'whom' is the object of the verb 'did invite.' It is asking for the identity of the person who is receiving the action of being invited to the party. Another way to determine whether to use 'who' or 'whom' is to look at the function of the pronoun in the sentence. If it is the subject of a verb, use 'who.' If it is the object of a verb or preposition, use 'whom.' For example: Who is calling me on the phone? To whom should I address this letter? In the third sentence, 'who' is the subject of the verb 'is calling.' It is asking for the identity of the person who is performing the action of calling. In the fourth sentence, 'whom' is the object of the preposition 'to.' It is asking for the identity of the person to whom the letter should be addressed. While it is always correct to use 'who' as the subject of a sentence or clause, the use of 'whom' is becoming less common in modern English. In some cases, it may be considered more formal or old-fashioned. In informal speech or writing, it is often acceptable to use 'who' instead of 'whom.' For example: Who did you give the book to? (Informal) To whom did you give the book? (Formal) In conclusion, 'who' and 'whom' are both pronouns used to refer to people, but they have different functions. Use 'who' as the subject of a sentence or clause, and use 'whom' as the object of a verb or preposition. While it is always correct to use 'who' as the subject, the use of 'whom' is becoming less common in modern English and may be considered more formal or old-fashioned. In informal speech or writing, it is often acceptable to use 'who' instead of 'whom.'
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